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Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is the term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer. [1]The name of the entity is descriptive of the lesion; ADH is characterized by cellular proliferation (hyperplasia) within one or two breast ducts and (histomorphologic) architectural abnormalities, i.e. the cells are arranged in an abnormal or atypical way ...
Larger size, nodal spread, and metastasis have a larger stage number and a worse prognosis. The main stages are: Stage 0 which is in situ disease or Paget's disease of the nipple. Stage 0 is a pre-cancerous or marker condition, either ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS).
The first signs and symptoms may appear if the cancer advances. Because of the lack of early symptoms, DCIS is most often detected at screening mammography. In a few cases, DCIS may cause: A lump or thickening in or near the breast or under the arm; A change in the size or shape of the breast
The histopathologic characteristics seen in these lesions are heterogenous. The cells of a lesion of invasive carcinoma NST may retain >70% ductal differentiation or appear completely undifferentiated. The tumor cells may be arranged in sheets, nests, cords, or singly distributed. They are pleomorphic (i.e., vary in size and shape).
The RECIST criteria, first published in 2000, [3] revised the WHO criteria primarily to clarify differences that remained between research groups. Under RECIST tumour size was measured unidimensionally rather than bidimensionally, fewer lesions were measured, and the definition of 'progression' was changed so that it was no longer based on the ...
The World Health Organization published the first tumour response criteria in 1981. However the specification documents were unclear which led to criteria adjustments and inconsistent conclusions. In the mid-1990s, an International Working Party was created to simplify and standardize response criteria; it then published RECIST in 2000.
It is important to correctly identify, as it can be confused with atypical ductal hyperplasia, cribriform ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and adenoid cystic carcinoma. [ 1 ] Histomorphologic features
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an incidental microscopic finding with characteristic cellular morphology and multifocal tissue patterns. The condition is a laboratory diagnosis and refers to unusual cells in the lobules of the breast. [1]