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Hypaque or other water-soluble dye may be placed through the passage to ensure patency of the stent on fluoroscopy. [15] Enteric and colonic SEMS are inserted in a similar fashion, but in the duodenum and colon respectively. [16] Biliary SEMS are used to palliatively treat tumours of the pancreas or bile duct that obstruct the common bile duct.
Pancreatic and biliary stents provide pancreatic and bile drainage from the gallbladder, pancreas, and bile ducts to the duodenum in conditions such as ascending cholangitis due to obstructing gallstones. Pancreatic and biliary stents can also be used to treat biliary/pancreatic leaks or to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis. [12]
Stents with anchoring flaps or flared ends can reduce the risk of migration. Cholecystitis can be a complication for stenting of malignant biliary stricture. Stent occlusion may occur from tumor or tissue overgrowth, or due to sludge deposits, causing the development of cholangitis. [1]
A bare-metal stent is a stent made of thin, uncoated (bare) metal wire that has been formed into a mesh-like tube. The first stents licensed for use in cardiac arteries were bare metal – often 316L stainless steel. More recent "second generation" bare-metal stents have been made of cobalt chromium alloy. [1]
A bioresorbable stent is a tube-like device that is used to open and widen clogged heart arteries and then dissolves or is absorbed by the body. It is made from a material that can release a drug to prevent scar tissue growth. It can also restore normal vessel function and avoid long-term complications of metal stents. [1] [2]
The 2006 SIROCCO trial compared the sirolimus drug-eluting stent with a bare nitinol stent for atherosclerotic lesions of the subsartorial artery, reporting restenosis at 2 year follow-up was 22.9% and 21.1%, respectively. [21] A 2009 study compared bare nitinol stents with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in subsartorial artery ...
During stent placement, there is a short period of blood flow blockage by the balloon inflation. This blockage time is often longer than twenty seconds to allow the DES to expand and embed into the arterial wall. In this case, this time may be too long and cause serious events due to lack of blood to the heart muscle. [79]
Cholecystostomy or (cholecystotomy) is a medical procedure used to drain the gallbladder through either a percutaneous or endoscopic approach. The procedure involves creating a stoma in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube or stent for drainage, first performed by American surgeon, Dr. John Stough Bobbs, in 1867.
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