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A number of different words for sin are used in the Islamic tradition. According to A. J. Wensinck's entry on the topic in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Islamic terms for sin include dhanb and khaṭīʾa, which are synonymous and refer to intentional sins; khiṭʾ, which means simply a sin; and ithm, which is used for grave sins.
The second opinion is any bad deeds that deserves punishment such as stoning, killing, cutting a hand, etc. The major sins included in fahsha are numerous. Islamic law considers as a major sin any act that the religion has warned Muslims against performing, or has promised harsh punishment for committing, or has prescribed a hadd for it.
In Islam, this concept is deemed to be a denial of monotheism, and thus a sin of shirk, [34] which is considered to be a major 'al-Kaba'ir' sin. [35] [36] The Quran itself refers to Trinity in Al-Ma'ida 5:73 which says "They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the third of three." And there is no god except one God.
A ḥadīth of Ali al-Ridha states that despair is the second major sin and disappointment is the third major sin and that they are different. [clarification needed] [3] Despair is a feeling that is not expressed. When such a feeling is manifested outwardly and becomes obvious to others, it is said to be disappointment. [1] [3]
Ninth century Islamic commentators who invoked significant sections of the Bible in their writings include Ibn Qutaybah (d. 889) and his translation of Genesis 1–3, and Al-Qasim al-Rassi (d. 860) who included a large portion of the Book of Matthew in his Refutation of Christians. [36]
According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Quran states twice in An-Nisa verses 48 and 116 that God can forgive all sins save one: shirk. [12] Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating others with Him ˹in worship˺, but forgives anything else of whoever He wills. And whoever associates others with Allah has indeed committed a grave sin.
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Another important perspective on repentance in Islam is that a person should always seek God's forgiveness even when they are not apparently guilty of any particular sin. [23] This is because there are many subtle natures of sin involving immorality which escape notice, and also because it is a Muslim's duty to turn towards God.