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2. How to remove hard water deposits from your faucets and shower

   www.aol.com/remove-hard-water-deposits-faucets...

   Calcium and magnesium are the main culprits when it comes to creating hard water. And in the U.S., it's almost impossible to avoid it, as hard water is present across 85 percent of the country ...

3. How to Remove Bathtub Rings and Stop Them from Coming Back - AOL

   www.aol.com/lifestyle/remove-bathtub-rings-stop...

   Make your bathtub sparkle the next time you clean your bathroom with one of these simple methods.

4. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   The surface of human skin has a light charge that the soap tends to bind with, requiring more effort and a greater volume of water to remove. [4] Hard water contains calcium or magnesium ions that form insoluble salts upon reacting with soap, leaving a coating of insoluble stearates on tub and shower surfaces, commonly called soap scum. [4] [5]

5. How to Clean and Remove Stains From a Jetted Tub ... - AOL

   www.aol.com/clean-remove-stains-jetted-tub...

   How to remove stains from a jetted tub. Jetted tubs can easily be stained from soap scum, bath oils, bubble bath and even rusty plumbing. To get stubborn stains out, mix a paste of baking soda and ...

6. Hard water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water

   A bathtub faucet with built-up calcification from hard water in Southern Arizona. Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, [1] which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

7. Soap scum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_scum

   Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions, which react with the surfactant anion to give these metallic or lime soaps. [1] 2 C 17 H 35 COO − Na + + Ca 2+ → (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Ca + 2 Na + In this reaction, the sodium cation in soap is replaced by calcium to form calcium stearate. Lime soaps build deposits on fibres, washing machines, and ...

8. Limescale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limescale

   Descaling agents are commonly used to remove limescale. Prevention of fouling by scale build-up relies on the technologies of water softening or other water treatment. This column in the Bad Münstereifel church in Germany is made from the calcium carbonate deposits that built up in the Roman Eifel Aqueduct over several centuries of use.

9. Lime softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

   Lime softening produces large volumes of a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in a very finely divided white precipitate which may also contain some organic matter flocculated out of the raw water. Processing or disposal of this sludge material may be an additional cost to the process. Drying and re-calcining the waste allows ...