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Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.
Meaning Use sp: Spelling: Used to indicate misspelling spo: Spell out: Used to indicate that an abbreviation should be spelled out, such as in its first use stet: Let it stand: Indicates that proofreading marks should be ignored and the copy unchanged fl: Flush left: Align text flush with left margin fr: Flush right: Align text flush with right ...
Op. cit. thus refers the reader to the bibliography, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote. Op. cit. should never, therefore, be used on its own, which would be meaningless, but most often with the author's surname, [1] or another brief clue as to which work is referred to.
In-text attribution is the attribution inside a sentence of material to its source, in addition to an inline citation after the sentence. In-text attribution may need to be used with direct speech (a source's words between quotation marks or as a block quotation); indirect speech (a source's words modified without quotation marks); and close ...
The in-text cite may be defined with a name so they can be reused within the content and may be separated into groups for use as explanatory notes, table legends and the like. The reference list shows the full citations with a cite label that matches the in-text cite. The cite label is a caret ^ with a backlink to the in-text cite. When a named ...
A short-cite – similar to what some citation authorities call a shortened citation or shortened form — is an abbreviated way of identifying or linking to the full citation of a source. Many forms of short cites have been devised; the most common form on Wikipedia is "author-date", which uses the last name of one or more authors and the year ...
The third gives symbols listed elsewhere in the table that are similar to it in meaning or appearance, or that may be confused with it; The fourth (if present) links to the related article(s) or adds a clarification note.
Citations can also be placed as external links, but these are not preferred because they are prone to link rot and usually lack the full information necessary to find the original source in cases of link rot. In cases where citations are lacking, the template {} can be added after the statement in question.