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  2. Integral of secant cubed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_of_secant_cubed

    This is one of several integrals usually done in a first-year calculus course in which the most natural way to proceed involves integrating by parts and returning to the same integral one started with (another is the integral of the product of an exponential function with a sine or cosine function; yet another the integral of a power of the ...

  3. Integral of the secant function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_of_the_secant...

    A standard method of evaluating the secant integral presented in various references involves multiplying the numerator and denominator by sec θ + tan θ and then using the substitution u = sec θ + tan θ. This substitution can be obtained from the derivatives of secant and tangent added together, which have secant as a common factor. [6]

  4. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.

  5. List of integrals of trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of...

    The following is a list of integrals (antiderivative functions) of trigonometric functions. For antiderivatives involving both exponential and trigonometric functions, see List of integrals of exponential functions. For a complete list of antiderivative functions, see Lists of integrals.

  6. Tangent half-angle substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_half-angle...

    The substitution is described in most integral calculus textbooks since the late 19th century, usually without any special name. [5] It is known in Russia as the universal trigonometric substitution , [ 6 ] and also known by variant names such as half-tangent substitution or half-angle substitution .

  7. Lists of integrals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_integrals

    Integration is the basic operation in integral calculus.While differentiation has straightforward rules by which the derivative of a complicated function can be found by differentiating its simpler component functions, integration does not, so tables of known integrals are often useful.

  8. Trigonometric substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_substitution

    For a definite integral, the bounds change once the substitution is performed and are determined using the equation = ⁡, with values in the range < <. Alternatively, apply the boundary terms directly to the formula for the antiderivative.

  9. Grassmann number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassmann_number

    In the path integral formulation of quantum field theory the following Gaussian integral of Grassmann quantities is needed for fermionic anticommuting fields, with A being an N × N matrix: ∫ exp ⁡ [ − θ T A η ] d θ d η = det A {\displaystyle \int \exp \left[-\theta ^{\rm {T}}A\eta \right]\,d\theta \,d\eta =\det A} .