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Pyrolysis can also be used to treat municipal solid waste and plastic waste. [4] [17] [72] The main advantage is the reduction in volume of the waste. In principle, pyrolysis will regenerate the monomers (precursors) to the polymers that are treated, but in practice the process is neither a clean nor an economically competitive source of monomers.
Char is the solid material that remains after light gases (e.g. coal gas) and tar have been driven out or released from a carbonaceous material during the initial stage of combustion, which is known as carbonization, charring, devolatilization or pyrolysis.
Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as biocrude or bio-oil, is a synthetic fuel with few industrial application and under investigation as substitute for petroleum.It is obtained by heating dried biomass without oxygen in a reactor at a temperature of about 500 °C (900 °F) with subsequent cooling, separation from the aqueous phase and other processes.
For the final pyrolysis temperature, the amount of heat applied controls the degree of carbonization and the residual content of foreign elements. For example, at T ~ 1,200 K (930 °C; 1,700 °F) the carbon content of the residue exceeds a mass fraction of 90 wt.%, whereas at T ~ 1,600 K (1,330 °C; 2,420 °F) more than 99 wt.% carbon is found ...
Polymer derived ceramics (PDCs) are ceramic materials formed by the pyrolysis of preceramic polymers, usually under inert atmosphere. [1] The compositions of PDCs most commonly include silicon carbide (SiC), silicon oxycarbide (SiO x C y), silicon nitride(Si 3 N 4), silicon carbonitride (Si 3+x N 4 C x+y) [2] and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y). [3]
Pyrolysis GC/MS chromatogram of mahogany wood analyzed with OpenChrom. Pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a method of chemical analysis in which the sample is heated to decomposition to produce smaller molecules that are separated by gas chromatography and detected using mass spectrometry. [1] [2]
[2] [3] The process has also been called hydrous pyrolysis. The reaction usually involves homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalysts to improve the quality of products and yields. [ 1 ] Carbon and hydrogen of an organic material, such as biomass, peat or low-ranked coals ( lignite ) are thermo-chemically converted into hydrophobic compounds ...
The pyrolysis gasoline typically consists of C 6 to C 8 aromatics, heavier aromatics containing 9 to 12 carbon atoms, and non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbons containing 6 or more carbon atoms. [ 4 ] [ 7 ]