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When positive pressure is applied to a standard cubic foot of gas, it is compressed. When a vacuum is applied to a standard cubic foot of gas, it expands. The volume of gas after it is pressurized or rarefied is referred to as its "actual" volume. SCF and ACF for an ideal gas are related in accordance with the combined gas law: [2] [3]
Actual cubic feet per minute (ACFM) is a unit of volumetric flow. It is commonly used by manufacturers of blowers and compressors. [1] This is the actual gas delivery with reference to inlet conditions, whereas cubic foot per minute (CFM) is an unqualified term and should only be used in general and never accepted as a specific definition without explanation.
In fluid dynamics, the entrance length is the distance a flow travels after entering a pipe before the flow becomes fully developed. [1] Entrance length refers to the length of the entry region , the area following the pipe entrance where effects originating from the interior wall of the pipe propagate into the flow as an expanding boundary layer .
References will be made to "actual" flow rate through a meter and "standard" or "base" flow rate through a meter with units such as acm/h (actual cubic meters per hour), sm 3 /sec (standard cubic meters per second), kscm/h (thousand standard cubic meters per hour), LFM (linear feet per minute), or MMSCFD (million standard cubic feet per day).
Volumetric flow rate should not be confused with volumetric flux, as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q, with units of m 3 /(m 2 ·s), that is, m·s −1. The integration of a flux over an area gives the volumetric flow rate. The SI unit is cubic metres per second (m 3 /s). Another unit used is standard cubic centimetres per ...
As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO 2. Environmental agencies in the USA often denote a standard cubic foot of dry gas as "dscf" or as "scfd".
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface.
so that for incompressible, irrotational flow (=), the second term on the left in the Navier-Stokes equation is just the gradient of the dynamic pressure. In hydraulics , the term u 2 / 2 g {\displaystyle u^{2}/2g} is known as the hydraulic velocity head (h v ) so that the dynamic pressure is equal to ρ g h v {\displaystyle \rho gh_{v}} .