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In 2009, the classic definition of Klein's line was shown to miss 60% of SCFE cases on X-rays of 30 children between 8 and 16 years of age. [1] The sensitivity and reliability is improved by measuring the epiphyseal width lateral to Klein's line, which if differing by 2 millimetres (0.079 in) or more between hips suggests the diagnosis of SCFE. [1]
Trethowan's sign is when Klein's line does not intersect the lateral part of the superior femoral epiphysis on an AP radiograph of the pelvis. [1]
The angle is measured on a frog lateral view of the bilateral hips. It is measured by drawing a line perpendicular to a line connecting two points at the posterior and anterior tips of the epiphysis at the physis. A third line is drawn down the axis of femur. The angle between the perpendicular line and the femoral shaft line is the angle.
SCFE is a Salter-Harris type 1 fracture (fracture through the physis or growth plate) through the proximal femoral physis, which can be distinguished from other Salter-Harris type 1 fractures by identifying prior epiphysiolysis, an intact (in chronic SCFE) or partially torn (in acute SCFE) periosteum, and the displacement being slower. Stress ...
On the AP view Klein’s line, tangent to the lateral aspect of the femoral neck, does not intersect the femoral head indicating that it is displaced. SCFE may compromise the blood supply to the femoral head and cause avascular necrosis, mainly when there is instability between the fragments. [1]
[2] The positive Drehmann sign is a typical clinical feature in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), the impingement syndrome of the acetabulum-hip , or in osteoarthritis of the hip joint. [ 3 ]
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The boundary homomorphism is given by ∂D = 2C 1 and ∂C 1 = ∂C 2 = 0, yielding the homology groups of the Klein bottle K to be H 0 (K, Z) = Z, H 1 (K, Z) = Z×(Z/2Z) and H n (K, Z) = 0 for n > 1. There is a 2-1 covering map from the torus to the Klein bottle, because two copies of the fundamental region of the Klein bottle, one being ...