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A very simple equivalence testing approach is the ‘two one-sided t-tests’ (TOST) procedure. [11] In the TOST procedure an upper (Δ U) and lower (–Δ L) equivalence bound is specified based on the smallest effect size of interest (e.g., a positive or negative difference of d = 0.3).
Some of the tests of the equivalence principle use names for the different ways mass appears in physical formulae. In nonrelativistic physics three kinds of mass can be distinguished: [14] Inertial mass intrinsic to an object, the sum of all of its mass–energy. Passive mass, the response to gravity, the object's weight.
The Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle (STEP) is a proposed (as of 2014 [1]) space science experiment to test the equivalence principle of general relativity.The experiment is thought to be sensitive enough to test Einstein's theory of gravity and other theories.
Measurement invariance or measurement equivalence is a statistical property of measurement that indicates that the same construct is being measured across some specified groups. [1] For example, measurement invariance can be used to study whether a given measure is interpreted in a conceptually similar manner by respondents representing ...
Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning (ECP) [1] is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once.
A paired difference test, better known as a paired comparison, is a type of location test that is used when comparing two sets of paired measurements to assess whether their population means differ. A paired difference test is designed for situations where there is dependence between pairs of measurements (in which case a test designed for ...
The equivalence test problem is given by = {(,)} and = {(,) <}, where > is a tolerance parameter. If the hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} can be rejected then the population is close to Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with a high probability.
If the null hypothesis is true, the likelihood ratio test, the Wald test, and the Score test are asymptotically equivalent tests of hypotheses. [8] [9] When testing nested models, the statistics for each test then converge to a Chi-squared distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the difference in degrees of freedom in the two models.