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Stressors, by activating a neural stress-response network, bias cognition toward increased emotional activity and degraded executive function. This causes formed habits to be used rather than a cognitive appraisal of responses. Stress also induces secretion of both glucocorticoids, which increases motivation for food, and insulin.
Social stigma of obesity is bias or discriminatory behaviors targeted at overweight and obese individuals because of their weight and high body fat percentage. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Such social stigmas can span one's entire life as long as excess weight is present, starting from a young age and lasting into adulthood. [ 3 ]
Obesity rates rose as oils, fat, and sugars were more regularly consumed, beginning in the 1990s. The cultural appreciation of heavier female bodies is a factor. [8] Another explanation is the degree to which food is the center of social events and special occasions.
According to one study, factors like these may play as big of a role as excessive food energy intake and a lack of physical activity; [104] however, the relative magnitudes of the effects of any proposed cause of obesity is varied and uncertain, as there is a general need for randomized controlled trials on humans before definitive statement ...
Obesity has been associated with depression, likely due to social factors rather than physical effects of obesity. [15] However, it is possible that obesity is caused by depression (due to reduced physical activity or, in some people, increases in appetite). [54] Obesity-related disabilities may also lead to depression in some people. [54]
Obesity is a physical marker of poor health, increasing the likelihood of various diseases. [2] Due to social constructs surrounding health, the belief that being skinny is healthy and discrimination against those perceived to be 'unhealthy', [3] people who are considered overweight or obese on the BMI scale face many social challenges ...
Obesity has been observed throughout human history. Many early depictions of the human form in art and sculpture appear obese. [2] However, it was not until the 20th century that obesity became common — so much so that, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic [3] and estimated that the worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled ...
Sociologists also look at the effects that the productive process has on health and illness. While also looking at things such as industrial pollution, environmental pollution, accidents at work, and stress-related diseases. [17] Social factors play a significant role in developing health and illness.