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  2. Linear polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_polarization

    See polarization and plane of polarization for more information. The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector. [ 2 ] For example, if the electric field vector is vertical (alternately up and down as the wave travels) the radiation is said to be vertically polarized.

  3. Group polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_polarization

    In social psychology, group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These more extreme decisions are towards greater risk if individuals' initial tendencies are to be risky and towards greater caution if individuals' initial tendencies are to be cautious. [1]

  4. Polarization (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

    The first two diagrams below trace the electric field vector over a complete cycle for linear polarization at two different orientations; these are each considered a distinct state of polarization (SOP). The linear polarization at 45° can also be viewed as the addition of a horizontally linearly polarized wave (as in the leftmost figure) and a ...

  5. Polarizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer

    In general the two rays will be in different polarization states, though not in linear polarization states except for certain propagation directions relative to the crystal axis. A Nicol prism. A Nicol prism was an early type of birefringent polarizer, that consists of a crystal of calcite which has been split and rejoined with Canada balsam.

  6. Elliptical polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_polarization

    Any fixed polarization can be described in terms of the shape and orientation of the polarization ellipse, which is defined by two parameters: axial ratio AR and tilt angle . The axial ratio is the ratio of the lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse, and is always greater than or equal to one.

  7. Polarization of an algebraic form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_of_an...

    In mathematics, in particular in algebra, polarization is a technique for expressing a homogeneous polynomial in a simpler fashion by adjoining more variables. Specifically, given a homogeneous polynomial, polarization produces a unique symmetric multilinear form from which the original polynomial can be recovered by evaluating along a certain ...

  8. Plane of polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_polarization

    [1] [11] Hence D, E, the wave-normal direction, and the ray direction are all in the same plane, and it is all the more natural to define that plane as the "plane of polarization". This "natural" definition, however, depends on the theory of EM waves developed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s — whereas the word polarization was coined ...

  9. Optical rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rotation

    Optical activity is reciprocal, i.e. it is the same for opposite directions of wave propagation through an optically active medium, for example, clockwise polarization rotation from the point of view of an observer.