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The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
Chromosome abnormalities may be detected or confirmed by comparing an individual's karyotype, or full set of chromosomes, to a typical karyotype for the species via genetic testing. Sometimes chromosomal abnormalities arise in the early stages of an embryo , sperm , or infant . [ 4 ]
Intellectual disabilities range from very mild to very severe, and can co-occur with behavioral disorders and/or autism spectrum disorders. [3] At birth, the main symptoms include low weight (due to intrauterine growth restriction), hypotonia, and feeding difficulties. Infants may also have cleft palate. [3]
Infants may show facial abnormalities, micrognathia, cleft lip, spina bifida, as well as other birth defects that result from kidney, limb, and umbilical cord complications. They are also prone to being smaller than a normal sized newborn , a problem that arises while the infant is still a fetus.
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia; Adrenal hematoma; Agenesis of the corpus callosum; Amniotic band syndrome ...
Chromosome 16 abnormalities; Chromosome 18 abnormalities; Chromosome 20 abnormalities; Chromosome 22 abnormalities; Cleft lip/palate; Cleidocranial dysostosis; Club foot; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Congenital ...
One of them consists in micro-deletions of the chromosome region 15q11–q13. 70% of patients present a 5–7-Mb de novo deletion in the proximal region of the paternal chromosome 15. The second frequent genetic abnormality (~ 25–30% of cases) is maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15.
The syndrome is diagnosed in an increasing number of children prenatally by amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling [24] in order to obtain a chromosome karyotype, where the abnormality can be observed. It is estimated that only 15–20% of children with 47,XYY syndrome are ever diagnosed. Of these, approximately 30% are diagnosed prenatally.