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In 1980, the Japanese company, Sangi Co., Ltd., launched APADENT, the world's first remineralizing toothpaste to use a nano-form of hydroxyapatite, the main component of tooth enamel, rather than fluoride, to remineralize areas of mineral loss below the surface of tooth enamel (incipient caries lesions).
Fluoride varnish is a highly concentrated form of fluoride that is applied to the tooth's surface by a dentist, dental hygienist or other dental professional, as a type of topical fluoride therapy. [1] It is not a permanent varnish but due to its adherent nature it is able to stay in contact with the tooth surface for several hours.
The fluoride ions reduce the rate of tooth enamel demineralization and increase the rate of remineralization of teeth at the early stages of cavities. Fluoride exerts these effects by the demineralization and remineralization cycle. [23] The remineralization cycle, critical to decay prevention, occurs when fluoride is present in the oral cavity.
It is a very hard, white to off-white, highly mineralised substance that acts as a barrier to protect the tooth but can become susceptible to degradation, especially by acids from food and drink. In rare circumstances enamel fails to form, leaving the underlying dentin exposed on the surface.
The tooth whitening endpoint does depend on the frequency of use and ingredients of the product. [1] Whitening gels are applied onto the tooth surface with a small brush. [1] The gels contain peroxide and are recommended to be applied twice a day for 14 days. [1] The tooth whitening endpoint like that of the whitening strips. [1]
The removal of the decayed tooth is performed if the tooth is too far destroyed from the decay process to effectively restore the tooth. Extractions are sometimes considered if the tooth lacks an opposing tooth or will probably cause further problems in the future, as may be the case for wisdom teeth. [145]
A 9-month-old infant with a right lower central incisor about to emerge A 9-month-old infant with a visible right lower central incisor. Teething is the process by which an infant's first teeth (the deciduous teeth, often called "baby teeth" or "milk teeth") appear by emerging through the gums, typically arriving in pairs.