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Proliferating helper T cells that develop into effector T cells differentiate into two major subtypes of cells known as T h 1 and T h 2 cells (also known as Type 1 and Type 2 helper T cells, respectively). T h 1 helper cells lead to an increased cell-mediated response (primarily by macrophages and cytotoxic T cells), [19] typically against ...
The different cytokine patterns lead to different functions of the two types of T cell. In general, TH2 cells are excellent helpers for B-cell antibody secretion, particularly IgE responses. On the other hand TH1 cells induce delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
When helper T cells detect an infection, they form into one of two subtypes: TH1 helper cells release a molecule that activates a type of cell called a macrophage. Macrophages are specialized cells that help eliminate foreign substances from your body.
Th1 cells help to activate macrophages against these pathogens and overcome these microbial evasion strategies. In contrast, Th2 cells, which are the other major subset of CD4 + T cells, help to recognize extracellular pathogens such as helminths and parasites and activate B cell–mediated antibody responses.
Traditionally, helper T cells are classified into T helper 1 (T H 1), T helper 2 (T H 2); the more recent discoveries of T helper 17 (T H 17), follicular helper T cells (T FH) and regulatory T cells (T reg) enhance our understanding on the mechanisms of immune function and hypersensitivity reactions .
T helper 2 (T H 2) cells respond to a variety of environmental cues, either directly or indirectly through interaction with cells of the innate immune system. For instance, certain specialized...
After activation CD4+ helper T cells differentiate into T-helper (Th) 1 or Th2 effector cells. These two subsets are characterized by their distinct cytokine expression pattern and the immune function they mediate.
The most abundant helper T cells there are B-cell helpers called follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. These protect surfaces (e.g., skin, lining of the intestine) against extracellular bacteria. In addition, there is another related subset that dampens rather than promotes immune responses.
Studying T H cells based on their helper function and the cells they help, rather than phenotypic features such as individual analyzed cytokines or transcription factors, better captures T H...
This pivotal finding noted that T H 1 cells secrete the cytokines IL-2, IL-3 and IFNγ, while T H 2 cells produce IL-3, IL-4 and IL-5.