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The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge.Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier, Gettier-type counterexamples (called "Gettier-cases") challenge the long-held justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge.
Gettier's examples hinged on instances of epistemic luck: cases where a person appears to have sound evidence for a proposition, and that proposition is in fact true, but the apparent evidence is not causally related to the proposition's truth. In response to Gettier's article, numerous philosophers [3] have offered modified criteria for ...
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Edmund Lee Gettier III (/ ˈ ɡ ɛ t i ər /; October 31, 1927 – March 23, 2021) was an American philosopher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.He is best known for his article written in 1963: "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", [1] which has generated an extensive philosophical literature trying to respond to what became known as the Gettier problem.
NYT Strands Spangram Answer Today. Today's spangram answer on Monday, January 20, 2025, is WONDERLAND. What Are Today’s NYT Strands Answers, Word List for Monday, January 20? HATTER. RABBIT. CROQUET
Most Gettier-type-problems (like Gettier's case 1) typically conflate the sense-reference distinction. The flaw is that the element of "true" in the "justified, true belief" formula is typically missing because the referent of belief shifts in these sorts of "problems". Take Gettier's case 1: the referent of "the man" is always Jones, not Smith.
Today's Wordle Answer for #1252 on Friday, November 22, 2024. Today's Wordle answer on Friday, November 22, 2024, is PEARL. How'd you do? Next: Catch up on other Wordle answers from this week.