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For these latter reactions, two equivalents of the incoming group add to form an alcohol rather than a ketone or aldehyde. This occurs even if the equivalents of nucleophile are closely controlled. Overaddition of nucleophiles. The Weinreb–Nahm amide has since been adopted into regular use by organic chemists as a dependable method for the ...
In organic chemistry, the Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction in which an azide reacts with a carbonyl derivative, usually an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid, under acidic conditions to give an amine or amide, with expulsion of nitrogen.
The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them. [2] [3] [4] The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone. The overall reaction equation is as follows (where the Rs can be H)
The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines. The reaction is an example of reductive amination. [1] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C; for the ...
[4] [5] The reaction has since been extended to the synthesis of β-keto esters from the condensation between aldehydes and diazo esters. [6] The general reaction scheme is as follows: General Scheme for Buchner Reaction. The reaction yields two possible carbonyl compounds (I and II) along with an epoxide (III). The ratio of the products is ...
As originally defined by Arthur Michael, [7] [8] the reaction is the addition of an enolate of a ketone or aldehyde to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound at the β carbon. The current definition of the Michael reaction has broadened to include nucleophiles other than enolates . [ 9 ]
The first problem is a thermodynamic one: most aldol reactions are reversible. Furthermore, the equilibrium is also just barely on the side of the products in the case of simple aldehyde–ketone aldol reactions. [2] If the conditions are particularly harsh (e.g.: NaOMe/MeOH/reflux), condensation may occur.