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Historians have offered numerous accounts of the several factors involved in the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and 1720, after a century of growth and prosperity. A succession of short-lived incompetent and weak rulers, and civil wars over the succession, created political instability at the centre.
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.
The Mughal war of succession (1707–1709) [1] [2] [3] or the Mughal Civil War [citation needed] was a period of political disorder and armed conflict over succession in the Mughal Empire following the death of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in March 1707.
Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, [f] and also by his regnal name Alamgir I, [g] [h] was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian ...
Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor, 31 July 1658- 3 March 1707. [1] Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor, 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712; Muhammad Azam Shah, self-proclaimed Mughal Emperor, 14 March 1707 – 8 June 1707; Sukhrungphaa, King of the Ahom kingdom, 1696–1714; Dost Mohammad of Bhopal, Nawab of Bhopal State, 1707-1728; Bhagatsimhji Udaisimhji ...
The decline of the Mughal Empire began with the death of Emperor Aurangzeb on 3 March 1707. The Mughals faced numerous invasions from the Maratha Confederacy and internal conflicts over succession. [5] The Mughals continued declining under Muhammad Shah, allowing adventurers such as Nader Shah to invade Mughal territories and sack Delhi. [6]
The Grand Vizier of Hindustan (Hindustani: Vazir-ul-Mamlikat-i-Hindustan) [1] [2] was the highest ranking minister in the Mughal Empire and the chief adviser to the emperor himself. The position acted as the de facto head of government of the Mughal Empire and had responsibility for leading the ministers of the Empire.
The height of Islamic rule was marked during the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707), during which the Fatawa Alamgiri was compiled, which briefly served as the legal system of Mughal Empire. [6] Additional Islamic policies were re-introduced in South India by Mysore's de facto king Tipu Sultan. [7]