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Tonometry is the procedure that eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye. It is an important test in the evaluation of patients at risk from glaucoma . [ 1 ]
Palpation is one of the oldest, simplest, and least expensive methods for approximate IOP measurement, however it is very inaccurate unless the pressure is very high. [3] Intraocular pressure is measured with a tonometer as part of a comprehensive eye examination. Contact lens sensors have also been used for continuous intraocular pressure ...
An example of the Landolt C eye chart (also known as the Japanese eye chart). Numerous types of eye charts exist and are used in various situations. For example, the Snellen chart is designed for use at 6 meters or 20 feet, and is thus appropriate for testing distance vision, while the ETDRS chart is designed for use at 4 meters. [16]
Fully dilated pupil prior to ophthalmoscopic examination to remove lens astigmatism (spasm of accommodation) Examination of retina (fundus examination) is an important part of the general eye examination. Dilating the pupil using dilating eye drops greatly enhances the view and permits an extensive examination of peripheral retina.
Goldmann applanation tonometer is based on the Imbert–Fick principle, which states that for a dry thin-walled sphere, the pressure (P) inside the sphere equals the force (F) necessary to flatten its surface divided by the area (A) of flattening (i.e. P = F/A).
The Schiotz tonometer consists of a curved footplate which is placed on the cornea of a supine patient. A weighted plunger attached to the footplate sinks into the cornea. A scale then gives a reading depending on how much the plunger sinks into the cornea, and a conversion table converts the scale reading into IOP measured in mmHg.
A Snellen chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity. Snellen charts are named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen who developed the chart in 1862 as a measurement tool for the acuity formula developed by his professor Franciscus Cornelius Donders .
A slit lamp exam allows a detailed inspection of the conjunctiva and sclera and improves the detection of globe injury. Slit lamp exam findings like decreased anterior chamber depth or damage to posterior chamber structures indicate open-globe injury. [3] A seidel test detects more subtle or partially self-sealing open-globe injuries.