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  2. More extensive L-vocalization is a notable feature of certain dialects of English, including Cockney, Estuary English, New York English, New Zealand English, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia English, in which an /l/ sound occurring at the end of a word or before a consonant is pronounced as some sort of close back vocoid, e.g., [w], [o] or [ʊ]. The ...

  3. L-vocalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-vocalization

    More extensive L-vocalization is a notable feature of certain dialects of English, including Cockney, Estuary English, New York English, New Zealand English, Pittsburgh English, Philadelphia English and Australian English, in which an /l/ sound occurring at the end of a word (but usually not when the next word begins with a vowel and is pronounced without a pause) or before a consonant is ...

  4. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The official summary chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]

  5. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  6. English terms with diacritical marks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_terms_with...

    Some sources distinguish "diacritical marks" (marks upon standard letters in the A–Z 26-letter alphabet) from "special characters" (letters not marked but radically modified from the standard 26-letter alphabet) such as Old English and Icelandic eth (Ð, ð) and thorn (uppercase Þ, lowercase þ), and ligatures such as Latin and Anglo-Saxon Æ (minuscule: æ), and German eszett (ß; final ...

  7. Epenthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epenthesis

    In phonology, epenthesis (/ ɪ ˈ p ɛ n θ ə s ɪ s, ɛ-/; Greek ἐπένθεσις) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially in the first syllable , the last syllable , or between two syllabic sounds in a word. The opposite process in which one or more sounds are removed is referred to as elision. [1]

  8. Voiced palatal lateral approximant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral...

    The voiced palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʎ , a rotated lowercase letter y , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.

  9. Phonological history of English consonants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    The word could was never pronounced with /l/; its spelling results from analogy with the former words. Modern L-vocalization (the replacement of "dark" /l/ with a non-syllabic vowel sound, usually similar to [ʊ] or [o]) is a feature of certain accents, particularly in London English and in near-RP speech that has been influenced by it ...