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Hafele and Keating aboard a commercial airliner, with two of the atomic clocks One of the actual HP 5061A Cesium Beam atomic clock units used in the Hafele–Keating experiment. The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity. In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four ...
Joseph Carl Hafele (25 July 1933 – 15 November 2014) was an American physicist best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] a test of Einstein's theory of general relativity. [ 2 ] Hafele was an apprentice welder when he was drafted to serve in the army during the Korean War.
In 1971, the Hafele (ha-fi-la) and Keating Experiment flew four atomic clocks on airplanes going around the world and compared the time-shift from those clocks to the atomic clock at the National ...
Gravitational time dilation has been experimentally measured using atomic clocks on airplanes, such as the Hafele–Keating experiment. The clocks aboard the airplanes were slightly faster than clocks on the ground. The effect is significant enough that the Global Positioning System's artificial satellites need to have their clocks corrected. [13]
Clock-comparison experiments are tests of the theory of relativity and may refer to: Hafele–Keating experiment, comparing the drift in cesium beam atomic clocks on airplanes. Hughes–Drever experiment, comparing energy levels of nucleons or electrons; Optical cavity tests, comparing laser frequencies
On the other hand, the Hafele–Keating experiment confirmed the resolution of the twin paradox, i.e. that a clock moving from A to B back to A is retarded with respect to the initial clock. However, in this experiment the effects of general relativity also play an essential role.
Richard E. Keating (29 May 1941 – 5 Oct 2006) was an American astronomer best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] [2] a test of Einstein's theory of relativity [3] performed while he was working at the United States Naval Observatory.
Hafele-Keating experiment (1971): Joseph C. Hafele and Richard E. Keating show that atomic clocks flown around the world exhibit differences which are consistent with the predictions of special and general relativity. Scout rocket experiment (1976): confirms the time dilation effect of gravity.