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Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks.These crimes involve the use of technology to commit fraud, identity theft, data breaches, computer viruses, scams, and expanded upon in other malicious acts. [1]
The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, [2] though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. [3] The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. [2]
As of 2020, it is the most common type of cybercrime, with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center reporting more incidents of phishing than any other type of cybercrime. [ 3 ] The term "phishing" was first recorded in 1995 in the cracking toolkit AOHell , but may have been used earlier in the hacker magazine 2600 .
A cyberattack can be defined as any attempt by an individual or organization "using one or more computers and computer systems to steal, expose, change, disable or eliminate information, or to breach computer information systems, computer networks, and computer infrastructures". [2]
Malicious code is a broad category that encompasses a number of threats to cyber-security. In essence it is any “hardware, software, or firmware that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose.” [6] Commonly referred to as malware it includes computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, keyloggers, BOTs, Rootkits, and any software security exploits.
Data diddling is a type of cybercrime in which data is altered as it is entered into a computer system, [1] most often by a data entry clerk or a computer virus. [2] Computerized processing of the altered data results in a fraudulent benefit. In some cases, the altered data is changed back after processing to conceal the activity.
Hands are shown typing on a backlit keyboard to communicate with a computer. Cyberethics is "a branch of ethics concerned with behavior in an online environment". [1] In another definition, it is the "exploration of the entire range of ethical and moral issues that arise in cyberspace" while cyberspace is understood to be "the electronic worlds made visible by the Internet."
Her definition, which was also used by the Republic of the Philippines in their legal description, is as follows: [10] Cyberstalking is a technologically-based "attack" on one person who has been targeted specifically for that attack for reasons of anger, revenge or control. Cyberstalking can take many forms, including: