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  2. Junctional diversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junctional_diversity

    Generation of junctional diversity starts as the proteins, recombination activating gene-1 and -2 (RAG1 and RAG2), along with DNA repair proteins, such as Artemis, [2] are responsible for single-stranded cleavage of the hairpin loops and addition of a series of palindromic, 'P' nucleotides.

  3. Circulating free DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulating_free_DNA

    Cellfree DNA (cfDNA) is present in the circulating plasma and in other body fluids. [13] The release of cfDNA into the bloodstream appears by different reasons, including apoptosis, necrosis and NETosis. Its rapidly increased accumulation in blood during tumor development is caused by an excessive DNA release by apoptotic cells and necrotic ...

  4. V (D)J recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V(D)J_recombination

    DNA-PK forms a complex that leads to its autophosphorylation, resulting in activation of Artemis. The coding end hairpins are opened by the activity of Artemis. [17] If they are opened at the center, a blunt DNA end will result; however in many cases, the opening is "off-center" and results in extra bases remaining on one strand (an overhang).

  5. Molecular models of DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_models_of_DNA

    Here, individual DNA tiles (model at left) self-assemble into a highly ordered DNA 2D-nanogrid (AFM image at right). There are various uses of DNA molecular modeling in Genomics and Biotechnology research applications, from DNA repair to PCR and DNA nanostructures. Two-dimensional DNA junction arrays have been visualized by Atomic force microscopy.

  6. Genetic recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination

    In bacteria, transformation is a process of gene transfer that ordinarily occurs between individual cells of the same bacterial species. Transformation involves integration of donor DNA into the recipient chromosome by recombination. This process appears to be an adaptation for repairing DNA damages in the recipient chromosome by HRR. [13]

  7. CAAT box - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAAT_box

    The DNA backbone is shown as ribbons (purple) with the bases displayed. The two possible locations of the CCAAT box, according to the modeling, have been colored cyan. For the right model of the NF-Y/CCAAT complex. NF-YC, NF-YB and DNA are colored as in figure on the left, whereas NF-YA is colored blue.

  8. Non-homologous end joining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-homologous_end_joining

    Eukaryotic Ku is a heterodimer consisting of Ku70 and Ku80, and forms a complex with DNA-PKcs, which is present in mammals but absent in yeast. Ku is a basket-shaped molecule that slides onto the DNA end and translocates inward. Ku may function as a docking site for other NHEJ proteins, and is known to interact with the DNA ligase IV complex ...

  9. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of...

    The two base-pair complementary chains of the DNA molecule allow replication of the genetic instructions. The "specific pairing" is a key feature of the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the pairing of nucleotide subunits. [5] In DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. The A:T and C:G pairs ...

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