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Portrait of James, Duke of York by Henri Gascar, 1673. As a political term, Tory was an insult (derived from the Middle Irish word tóraidhe, modern Irish tóraí, meaning "outlaw", "robber", from the Irish word tóir, meaning "pursuit" since outlaws were "pursued men") [9] [10] that entered English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678–1681.
The Irish word toruidhe or toruighe, meaning "to pursue" or "to hunt", is suggested as the origin for the term Tory. From the 1500s to 1600s, the term Tory first emerged to refer to the Irish who were dispossessed of their lands and took to the woods, forming themselves into bands that subsisted on wild animals and goods taken from settlers. [5]
In 1846 disaster struck the Conservatives when the party split over the repeal of the Corn Laws.Peel and most senior Conservatives favoured repeal, but they were opposed by backbench members representing farming and rural constituencies, led by Lord George Bentinck, Benjamin Disraeli, and Lord Stanley (later the Earl of Derby), who favoured protectionism.
Tory: Succeeded as Earl Bathurst in 1775 Edward Thurlow 1st Baron Thurlow: 3 June 1778 7 April 1783 Tory: Rockingham II: see below: Shelburne (Whig–Tory) In commission: Lord Loughborough, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; William Henry Ashurst, Justice of the King's Bench; Beaumont Hotham, Baron of the Exchequer; 9 April 1783 23 December ...
In the late 1600s, it was used to denote what would later become known as the Whig Party, characterised by its opposition to absolute monarchy; in the early to middle 1700s it was taken up by opponents of the Whig Walpole ministry, which they claimed was acting tyrannically and against the interest of the British nation and its people.
See 1796 British general election for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option of a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland elected before the Union.
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The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic.