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A combinatorial explosion can also occur in some puzzles played on a grid, such as Sudoku. [2] A Sudoku is a type of Latin square with the additional property that each element occurs exactly once in sub-sections of size √ n × √ n (called boxes).
A solution to Kirkman's schoolgirl problem with vertices denoting girls and colours denoting days of the week [1] Kirkman's schoolgirl problem is a problem in combinatorics proposed by Thomas Penyngton Kirkman in 1850 as Query VI in The Lady's and Gentleman's Diary (pg.48). The problem states:
The Diabolical cube is a puzzle of six polycubes that can be assembled together to form a single 3×3×3 cube. Eye Level also makes use of the Thinking Cube (once students are in levels 30-32 of Basic Thinking Math or levels 29-32 of Critical Thinking Math), as one of its Teaching Tools, similar to the Soma cube.
A minimum spanning tree of a weighted planar graph.Finding a minimum spanning tree is a common problem involving combinatorial optimization. Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, [1] where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set.
In computational complexity theory, Karp's 21 NP-complete problems are a set of computational problems which are NP-complete.In his 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", [1] Richard Karp used Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem that the boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete [2] (also called the Cook-Levin theorem) to show that there is a polynomial time many-one reduction ...
The solution to this particular problem is given by the binomial coefficient (+), which is the number of subsets of size k − 1 that can be formed from a set of size n + k − 1. If, for example, there are two balls and three bins, then the number of ways of placing the balls is ( 2 + 3 − 1 3 − 1 ) = ( 4 2 ) = 6 {\displaystyle {\tbinom {2 ...
Claude Shannon. The Shannon number, named after the American mathematician Claude Shannon, is a conservative lower bound of the game-tree complexity of chess of 10 120, based on an average of about 10 3 possibilities for a pair of moves consisting of a move for White followed by a move for Black, and a typical game lasting about 40 such pairs of moves.
In combinatorics, the twelvefold way is a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets, and partitions either of a set or of a number.