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A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit.
The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
Many of the electrical components used in simple electric circuits, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors are linear. [citation needed] Circuits made with these components, called linear circuits, are governed by linear differential equations, and can be solved easily with powerful mathematical frequency domain methods such as the Laplace transform.
[4] [5] NE612: Oscillator and a mixer. Used in ham radio applications. [6] Operational amplifier: DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. [7] Telefunken U401B: Yes High quality High Com analogue compander for audio in the 1970s. Telefunken U401BG: Telefunken U401B: Yes
Here is a partial list of electrical dualities: voltage – current; parallel – series (circuits) resistance – conductance; voltage division – current division; impedance – admittance; capacitance – inductance; reactance – susceptance; short circuit – open circuit; Kirchhoff's current law – Kirchhoff's voltage law. KVL and KCL
For example, some logic circuits operate at 5 V whereas others operate at 3.3 V. Directly interfacing a 5 V logic output to a 3.3 V input may cause permanent damage to the 3.3 V circuit. In this case, a voltage divider with an output ratio of 3.3/5 might be used to reduce the 5 V signal to 3.3 V, to allow the circuits to interoperate without ...
The tuning application, for instance, is an example of band-pass filtering. The RLC filter is described as a second-order circuit, meaning that any voltage or current in the circuit can be described by a second-order differential equation in circuit analysis. The three circuit elements, R, L and C, can be combined in a number of different ...
On a circuit diagram, the symbols for components are labelled with a descriptor or reference designator matching that on the list of parts. For example, C1 is the first capacitor, L1 is the first inductor, Q1 is the first transistor, and R1 is the first resistor. Often the value or type designation of the component is given on the diagram ...