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Plasmas are by far the most common phase of ordinary matter in the universe, both by mass and by volume. [42] Above the Earth's surface, the ionosphere is a plasma, [43] and the magnetosphere contains plasma. [44]
The Sun's corona, some types of flame, and stars are all examples of illuminated matter in the plasma state. Plasma is by far the most abundant of the four fundamental states, as 99% of all ordinary matter in the universe is plasma, as it composes all stars. [4] [5] [6]
Strange matter: A type of quark matter that may exist inside some neutron stars close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (approximately 2–3 solar masses). May be stable at lower energy states once formed. Quark matter: Hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons Color-glass condensate
A Mass of matter is any portion of matter appreciable by the senses. A Molecule is the smallest particle of matter into which a body can be divided without losing its identity. An Atom is a still smaller particle produced by division of a molecule.
The plasma of the magnetosphere has many different levels of temperature and concentration. The coldest magnetospheric plasma is most often found in the plasmasphere. However, plasma from the plasmasphere can be detected throughout the magnetosphere because it gets blown around by the Earth's electric and magnetic fields.
The density of matter in the interstellar medium can vary considerably: the average is around 10 6 particles per m 3, [136] but cold molecular clouds can hold 10 8 –10 12 per m 3. [ 39 ] [ 134 ] A number of molecules exist in interstellar space, which can form dust particles as tiny as 0.1 μm . [ 137 ]
A coronal mass ejection (CME) is a significant ejection of plasma mass from the Sun's corona into the heliosphere. CMEs are often associated with solar flares and other forms of solar activity , but a broadly accepted theoretical understanding of these relationships has not been established.
Computer simulation showing the distribution of warm-hot intergalactic gas. The warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) is the sparse, warm-to-hot (10 5 to 10 7 K) plasma that cosmologists believe to exist in the spaces between galaxies and to contain 40–50% [1] [2] of the baryonic 'normal matter' in the universe at the current epoch. [3]