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Money was invented before written history began. [1] [2] Consequently, any story of how money first developed is mostly based on conjecture and logical inference.A significant amount of evidence establishes that many things were traded in ancient markets that could be described as a medium of exchange.
Ancient types of money known as grain-money and food cattle-money were used from around 9000 BCE as two of the earliest commodities used for purposes of bartering. Anatolian obsidian as a raw material for Stone Age tools was being distributed from as early as about 12,500 BCE, and organized trading of it was occurring during the 9th millennium ...
Legal tender, or narrow money (M0) is the cash created by a Central Bank by minting coins and printing banknotes. Bank money, or broad money (M1/M2) is the money created by private banks through the recording of loans as deposits of borrowing clients, with partial support indicated by the cash ratio. Currently, bank money is created as ...
Demand Notes are a type of United States paper money issued from August 1861 to April 1862 during the American Civil War in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 US$. They were the first issue of paper money by the United States that achieved wide circulation.
Coins were first made of scraps of metal by hitting a hammer positioned over an anvil. The Chinese produced primarily cast coinage, and this spread to South-East Asia and Japan. Although few non-Chinese cast coins were produced by governments, it was a common practice amongst counterfeiters. Electrum coin from Ephesus, 650-625 BC.
One by one, colonies began to issue their own paper money to serve as a convenient medium of exchange. On December 10, 1690, [4] the Province of Massachusetts Bay created "the first authorized paper money issued by any government in the Western World". [5] This paper money was issued to pay for a military expedition during King William's War ...
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Roman adoption of metallic commodity money was a late development in monetary history. Bullion bars and ingots were used as money in Mesopotamia since the 7th millennium BC; and Greeks in Asia Minor had pioneered the use of coinage (which they employed in addition to other more primitive, monetary mediums of exchange) as early as the 7th ...