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Histone methylation is a principal epigenetic modification of chromatin [9] that determines gene expression, genomic stability, stem cell maturation, cell lineage development, genetic imprinting, DNA methylation, and cell mitosis. [2] Front view of the human enzyme Histone Lysine N-Methyltransferase, H3 lysine-4 specific.
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A, also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (ALL-1), myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), or zinc finger protein HRX (HRX), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMT2A gene. [5] MLL1 is a histone methyltransferase deemed a positive global regulator of gene transcription.
They modify mainly lysine on the ε-nitrogen and the arginine guanidinium group on histone tails. Lysine methyltransferases and Arginine methyltransferases are unique classes of enzymes, but both bind SAM as a methyl donor for their histone substrates. Lysine amino acids can be modified with one, two, or three methyl groups, while Arginine ...
Front view of the human enzyme Histone Lysine N-Methyltransferase, H3 lysine-4 specific. The genome is tightly condensed into chromatin, which needs to be loosened for transcription to occur. In order to halt the transcription of a gene the DNA must be wound tighter. This can be done by modifying histones at certain sites by methylation.
Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), also known as G9a, is a histone methyltransferase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EHMT2 gene. [5] [6] [7] G9a deposits the mono- and di-methylated states of histone H3 at lysine residue 9 (i.e., H3K9me1 and H3K9me2) and lysine residue 27 (H3K27me1 and H3K27me2).
N-lysine methyltransferase KMT5A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMT5A gene. [5] [6] [7] [8] The enzyme is a histone methyltransferase, SET domain ...
This diagram shows the progressive methylation of a lysine residue. The tri-methylation (right) denotes the methylation present in H3K4me3. The H3K4me3 modification is created by a lysine-specific histone methyltransferase (HMT) transferring three methyl groups to histone H3. [6]
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme (EC 2.1.1.43) encoded by EZH2 gene, that participates in histone methylation and, ultimately, transcriptional repression. [5] EZH2 catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to histone H3 at lysine 27, [6] by using the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine.