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Trigona is one of the largest genera of stingless bees, comprising about 32 species, [1] exclusively occurring in the New World, and formerly including many more subgenera than the present assemblage; many of these former subgenera have been elevated to generic status.
Some species, such as Melipona, Plebeia, Plebeina, Nannotrigona, Trigona, and Tetragona, may occasionally build spirals alongside other comb structures, as observed in Oxytrigona mellicolor. As space diminishes for upward construction, workers initiate the creation of a new comb at the bottom of the brood chamber.
Vulture bees are reddish-brown in colour, featuring only a few lighter hairs on their thorax, and range in length from 8–22 millimetres (0.31–0.87 in). [1] As with many types of stingless bee, vulture bees have strong, powerful mandibles, which are used to tear off flesh.
Austroplebeia australis (previously and originally known as Trigona australis [2] [3]) is a stingless bee species in the tribe Meliponini first validly described by Heinrich Friese in 1898. [4] Within Australia , they are occasionally referred to as bush bees .
In Trigona hypogea, when a forager returns to the nest, the regurgitated material derived from animal carcasses is deposited in special pots and later mixed with sugary plant products; they do not gather nectar or produce honey, but they gather sugary secretions from fruit and non-floral sources (e.g., extrafloral nectaries), and at least initially regurgitate these into separate pots within ...
Cerumen pots are utilized by some Trigona species, such as T. necrophaga, as vesicles to store foodstuff. [26] The foodstuff of T. necrophaga consists of both honey and carrion from vertebrate carcasses. [3] Ultimately, the stored food is utilized by developing larvae and the worker bee itself as a source of nutrition and energy.
Tetragonula carbonaria (previously known as Trigona carbonaria [2]) is a stingless bee, endemic to the north-east coast of Australia. [3] Its common name is sugarbag bee. [1] They are also occasionally referred to as bush bees. The bee is known to pollinate orchid species, such as Dendrobium lichenastrum, D. toressae, and D. speciosum. [4]
[citation needed] Predators like spiders, flies, wasps, and lizards are also a constant threat to T. iridipennis colonies because they invade nests to eat their rich honey stores. T. iridipennis defends against these predators by preventing access to its nest. It seals pores of the hive with a substance created by mixing its own salivary gland ...