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Gestational trophoblastic disease is a pregnancy-associated concept, forming from the villous and extravillous trophoblast cells in the placenta. [ 8 ] Choriocarcinoma are trophoblastic tumors that form in the uterus from villous cells.
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours. [1] These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy.
Placental side trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is differentiated by low β-hCG levels because it is a neoplastic proliferation of intermediate trophoblastic cells. [12] Urinalysis: A test to check the color of urine and its contents, such as sugar, protein, blood, bacteria, and the level of β-hCG. [13]
Gestational choriocarcinoma is a form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), that can occur during pregnancy. It is a rare disease where the trophoblast, a layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst, undergoes abnormal developments, leading to trophoblastic tumors.
Intermediate trophoblast is a distinct subtype of trophoblastic tissue that arises from the cytotrophoblast. [1] It is sub-categorized by location: [1] Villous intermediate trophoblast: at anchoring villi of trophoblastic column; Implantation site intermediate trophoblast:
Image showing trophoblast differentiated into the two layers of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast during implantation. It is the outer layer of the trophoblasts and actively invades the uterine wall, during implantation, rupturing maternal capillaries and thus establishing an interface between maternal blood and embryonic extracellular fluid, facilitating passive exchange of material ...
The formation of syncytiotrophoblast from cytotrophoblast is a terminal differentiation step of trophoblastic cells. [ 2 ] Syncytialization of cytotrophoblastic cells can be induced in vitro through multiple signalling molecules including epidermal growth factor , glucocorticoids , and human chorionic gonadotropin .
Tissue from term placentas is more readily available but cannot be used to address questions related to early development and dynamics. Dissociation of trophoblasts from other cell types in placental tissue can be procedurally difficult and pure trophoblast subtype populations take great lengths to obtain.