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  2. EEPROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM

    Many past microcontrollers included both (flash memory for the firmware and a small EEPROM for parameters), though the trend with modern microcontrollers is to emulate EEPROM using flash. As of 2020, flash memory costs much less than byte-programmable EEPROM and is the dominant memory type wherever a system requires a significant amount of non ...

  3. In-system programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-system_programming

    In the same year, Atmel developed the first microcontroller with flash memory, easier and faster to program and with much longer life cycle compared to EEPROM memories. Microcontrollers that support ISP are usually provided with pins used by the serial communication peripheral to interface with the programmer, a flash/EEPROM memory and the ...

  4. Flash memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory

    Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs. They differ at the circuit level depending on ...

  5. Firmware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

    A computer's firmware may be manually updated by a user via a small utility program. In contrast, firmware in mass storage devices (hard-disk drives, optical disc drives, flash memory storage e.g. solid state drive) is less frequently updated, even when flash memory (rather than ROM, EEPROM) storage is used for the firmware.

  6. Boot ROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_ROM

    When a system on a chip (SoC) enters suspend to RAM mode, in many cases, the processor is completely off while the RAM is put in self refresh mode. At resume, the boot ROM is executed again and many boot ROMs are able to detect that the SoC was in suspend to RAM and can resume by jumping directly to the kernel which then takes care of powering on again the peripherals which were off and ...

  7. Non-volatile memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_memory

    Flash memory is a solid-state chip that maintains stored data without any external power source. It is a close relative to the EEPROM; it differs in that erase operations must be done on a block basis, and its capacity is substantially larger than that of an EEPROM. Flash memory devices use two different technologies—NOR and NAND—to map data.

  8. Semiconductor memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_memory

    Non-volatile memory (such as EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory) uses floating-gate memory cells, which consist of a single floating-gate transistor per cell. Most types of semiconductor memory have the property of random access , [ 4 ] which means that it takes the same amount of time to access any memory location, so data can be efficiently ...

  9. Programmer (hardware) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer_(hardware)

    In the context of installing firmware onto a device, a programmer, device programmer, chip programmer, device burner, [1]: 364 or PROM writer [2] is a device that writes, a.k.a. burns, firmware to a target device's non-volatile memory.