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The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned first. In contrast, no-till, strip-till or reduced-till agriculture practices are carried out to maximize crop residue cover. Simple line-transect measurements can be used to estimate residue coverage. [1] Process residues are materials left after the crop is processed into a ...
The four most commonly grown agricultural crops worldwide are sugarcane, maize, cereals and rice. [3] The total weight of all these crops is more than 16,500 billion kilograms per year. [ 4 ] Since 80% of this consists of agricultural waste, many tens of thousands of billions of kilograms of agricultural waste remain worldwide. [ 5 ]
Cover crops then need to be killed so that the newly planted crops can get enough light, water, nutrients, etc. [37] [38] This can be done by rollers, crimpers, choppers and other ways. [39] [40] The residue is then planted through, and left as a mulch. Cover crops typically must be crimped when they enter the flowering stage. [41]
Different types of tillage result in varying amounts of crop residue being incorporated into the soil profile. Conventional or intensive tillage typically leaves less than 15% of crop residues on a field, reduced tillage leaves 15–30%, and conservation tillage systems leave at least 30% on the soil surface. [10]
Planting cover crops that keep the soil anchored and covered in off-seasons so that the soil is not eroded by wind and rain. Crop rotations [18] for row crops alternate high-residue crops with lower-residue crops to increase the amount of plant material left on the surface of the soil during the year to protect the soil from erosion.
Intensive tillage [note 1] leaves less than 15% crop residue cover or less than 500 pounds per acre (560 kg/ha) of small grain residue. This type of tillage is often referred to as conventional tillage , but as conservational tillage is now more widely used than intensive tillage (in the United States), [ 6 ] [ 7 ] it is often not appropriate ...
This category includes crop species as well as agricultural techniques related to crop farming. ... Crop diversity; Crop insurance; Crop residue; Crop rotation ...
After 1 tonne of crop residue is burnt in a field there is a release of 1,400 kg of carbon dioxide (CO 2), 58 kg of Carbon Monoxide (CO), 11 kg of particulate matter, 4.9 kg of nitrogen oxides (NO x), [37] and 1.2 kg of sulfur dioxide (SO 2). [36]