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However, the validity of the implicit-association test and implicit self-esteem as a measure of self-esteem itself is questionable due to mixed evidence with regards to explicit self-esteem. On the one hand, researchers [ 34 ] in a detailed and comprehensive study of implicit self-esteem found the IAT to correlate weakly, yet consistently, with ...
Trait self-esteem is a subjective measure of how likely an individual is to be accepted or rejected in a social situation. [5] This form of self-esteem aids in the assessment of an individual in social situations, furthermore estimating whether current or future relationships would be respected and valued long-term.
This behavior is only considered social undermining if the person's perceived action is intended to hinder their target. When social undermining is seen in the work environment the behavior is used to hinder the co-worker's ability to establish and maintain a positive interpersonal relationship , success and a good reputation . [ 2 ]
Self-perceived similarities with role models on social media can also affect self-esteem for both men and women. Having more self-perceived similarities with a role model can help increase self-esteem, while having less can decrease self-esteem. [39] Social comparison with peers on social media can also lead to feelings of self-pity or ...
Self-esteem stability refers to immediate feelings of self-esteem which, generally, will not be influenced by everyday positive or negative experiences. [1] In contrast, unstable self-esteem refers to fragile and vulnerable feelings of self-esteem which will be influenced by internally generated, such as reflecting on one's social life, and externally received evaluative information, for ...
Additionally, while positive self-image is a shared characteristic of narcissism and self-esteem, narcissistic self-appraisals are exaggerated, whereas in non-narcissistic self-esteem, positive views of the self compared with others are relatively modest.
A study published in the year 2017 showed that self-esteem had a negative effect on self-handicapping. They found that when it came to mastery goals there was a positive effect resulting from self-esteem. It also suggested that there was a negative effect on performance-avoidance goals when it came to self-esteem.
According to William James in his journal The Principles of Psychology, self-esteem can be a stable and unstable trait. [2] An individual's self-esteem fluctuates in response to different events. [2] Men and women alike are also selective about which events affect their self-esteem. [2] This instability of self-esteem is the result of having ...