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In toxicology, the margin of exposure (or MOE) of a substance is the ratio of its no-observed-adverse-effect level to its theoretical, predicted, or estimated dose or concentration of human intake. [1] It is used in risk assessment to determine the dangerousness of substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic. [2]
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose.It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1]
In toxicology it is specifically the highest tested dose or concentration of a substance (i.e. a drug or chemical) or agent (e.g. radiation), at which no such adverse effect is found in exposed test organisms where higher doses or concentrations resulted in an adverse effect. [3] [4] [5]
Margin of safety may refer to: Margin of safety (financial) in a financial context; Margin of safety (medicine) for pharmaceutical drugs; Margin of safety (accounting ...
The Official Journal of Korean Society of Toxicology as requested by the Korean National Institute for Food and Drug Safety Evaluation has recommend a TDI for BPA to be set at 0.05 mg/kg b.w./day. [ 11 ]
Studying dose response, and developing dose–response models, is central to determining "safe", "hazardous" and (where relevant) beneficial levels and dosages for drugs, pollutants, foods, and other substances to which humans or other organisms are exposed.
Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) daily over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. [1]
Hazard ratios do not reflect a time unit of the study. The difference between hazard-based and time-based measures is akin to the difference between the odds of winning a race and the margin of victory. [7] When a study reports one hazard ratio per time period, it is assumed that difference between groups was proportional.