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The H/V curve also contains a take-off profile, indicating how a pilot can start from 0 height and 0 speed, and safely traverse to cruise. At low heights with low airspeed, such as a hover taxi, the pilot can simply cushion the landing with collective by converting rotational inertia into lift. Conversely, a complete power loss, and resultant ...
An F/A-18 taking off from an aircraft carrier An Embraer E175 taking off. Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff.
Steady initial climb speed. The all engines operating take-off climb speed used to the point where acceleration to flap retraction speed is initiated. Should be attained by a gross height of 400 ft (120 m). [10] V A: Design maneuvering speed. This is the speed above which it is unwise to make full application of any single flight control (or ...
angle of attack α: angle between the x w,y w-plane and the aircraft longitudinal axis and, among other things, is an important variable in determining the magnitude of the force of lift; When performing the rotations described earlier to obtain the body frame from the Earth frame, there is this analogy between angles: β, ψ (sideslip vs yaw)
An Airbus A330-300 of Turkish Airlines on short final to Heathrow Airport, immediately before landing.. An airfield traffic pattern is a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing while maintaining visual contact with the airfield.
The on-ground angle of attack of the wing has to be established during the design phase. The main and nose-gear leg lengths are chosen to give a negative angle of attack relative to the ground. This ensures the wing will have negative lift until the pilot rotates the aircraft to a positive angle of attack. During landing, the reverse happens ...
A straight line from the origin to some point on the curve has a gradient equal to the glide angle at that speed, so the corresponding tangent shows the best glide angle tan −1 (C D /C L) min ≃ 3.3°. This is not the lowest rate of sink but provides the greatest range, requiring a speed of 240 km/h (149 mph); the minimum sink rate of about ...
The stalling angle of attack is less in ground effect, by approximately 2–4 degrees, than in free air. [23] [24] When the flow separates there is a large increase in drag. If the aircraft overrotates on take-off at too low a speed the increased drag can prevent the aircraft from leaving the ground.