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One-way tank-flood variable-mass system. This is simply an empty tank that can withstand external working pressure and can be partly or completely flooded by a control valve. The tank can be drained again at the surface for subsequent dives, but not while under pressure during a dive. [10]: 24 Pumped-oil constant-mass, variable-volume system.
Stack Tank Oil (STO) density (or API) may also be used by regulatory bodies to classify oil and oil products. Other properties such as Molecular Weight , saturated aromatic resin and asphaltene (SARA), refractive index , wax appearance temperature, asphaltene precipitation, and acid number , are also specified at Stock Tank conditions. [ 1 ]
An oil tanker's inert gas system is one of the most important parts of its design. [18] Fuel oil itself is very difficult to ignite, however its hydrocarbon vapors are explosive when mixed with air in certain concentrations. [19] The purpose of the system is to create an atmosphere inside tanks in which the hydrocarbon oil vapors cannot burn. [18]
In reduced bore (sometimes reduced port) ball valves, flow through the valve is one pipe size smaller than the valve's pipe size resulting in the flow area being smaller than the pipe. As the flow discharge remains constant and is equal to the area of flow (A) times velocity (V), A 1 V 1 = A 2 V 2 {\displaystyle A_{1}V_{1}=A_{2}V_{2}} the ...
Pressure in blanketed tanks is maintained by self actuating pressure control valves (PCVs). As liquid is withdrawn from the tank the pressure in the gas space falls. The blanket gas supply valve opens to maintain the pressure. As the tank fills with liquid the pressure rises and a vent gas valve open to vent gas to atmosphere or a vent system. [11]
An isolation valve is a valve in a fluid handling system that stops the flow of process media to a given location, usually for maintenance or safety purposes. [1] They can also be used to provide flow logic (selecting one flow path versus another), and to connect external equipment to a system. [ 2 ]
As the tank water level drops, the float descends and actuates the fill valve. Water is fed to the tank to replenish its supply, and a smaller flow is directed into the overflow tube to refill the bowl. Once the flapper valve closes, the water flow from the fill valve continues until the tank level again reaches the fill line.
An external floating roof tank is a storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate. It consists of an open- topped cylindrical steel shell equipped with a roof that floats on the surface of the stored liquid. The roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank. [1]