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Kaliningrad, [a] known as Königsberg [b] until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland, 663 kilometres (412 mi) west of the bulk of Russia on the Pregolya River, at the head of the Vistula Lagoon, and the only ice-free Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
Kaliningrad Oblast is the westernmost part of Russia.It is a small flat province separated from the rest of the country by the Baltic Sea and two European Union and NATO members: Poland to the south and Lithuania to the north and east.
Kaliningrad Oblast (dark green) of Russia (light green) within Europe. A series of restrictions on transit through Lithuania between the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast and mainland Russia were implemented during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. [1] The restrictions extended only to sanctioned goods and began on 18 June 2022. [2]
Some political groups in Lithuania claim parts of Kaliningrad Oblast between the Pregolya and Nemunas rivers (an area known as Lithuania Minor), but they have little influence. [32] Linas Balsys , a former deputy in the Lithuanian parliament, has argued that the status of the exclave should be discussed at international levels. [33]
Poland and Lithuania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1999 and 2004, respectively. On the one hand, this meant that the Kaliningrad exclave was surrounded by NATO states, but on the other, this created a choke point for the military alliance as all troops supplied by land must pass through the Suwałki Gap. In the event of its ...
Lithuania, [b] officially the Republic of Lithuania, [c] is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. [d] It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west.
In 1877, weekly German-language services were introduced in the Lithuanian church, alongside the Lithuanian services. [13] In 1884, Lithuanians formed 13% of the town's population. [ 14 ] By 1900 it had electric tramways and 34,500 inhabitants; a direct railway line linked it to Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ) and Labiau ( Polessk ) and steamers ...
In 1990, Lithuania restored its independence and the boundary became an international border again, making Kaliningrad Oblast an exclave. In 1997, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Lithuania signed a border agreement, intended to complete border demarcation and to reduce inconveniences of the border. [2]