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Ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time. The process of succession occurs either after the initial colonization of a newly created habitat, or after a disturbance substantially alters a pre-existing habitat. [1]
Forest succession is the process by which species recover and regenerate after a disturbance. The type of disturbance, the climate and weather conditions, the presence of colonizing species, and the interactions among species all influence the path that succession will take. Species diversity and composition fluctuate throughout succession.
At high levels of disturbance, due to frequent forest fires or human impacts like deforestation, all species are at risk of going extinct. According to IDH theory, at intermediate levels of disturbance, diversity is thus maximized because species that thrive at both early and late successional stages can coexist.
Secondary succession is the secondary ecological succession of a plant's life. As opposed to the first, primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event (e.g. forest fire, harvesting, hurricane, etc.) that reduces an already established ecosystem (e.g. a forest or a wheat field) to a smaller population of species, and as such secondary succession occurs on preexisting ...
Beech (center) and sugar maple (bottom left) dominate the forest due to their towering height and tolerance of shade. In scientific ecology , climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants , animals , and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession in the development of vegetation in an ...
A characteristic that is often associated with the tolerance model and well documented in forest succession is survival in conditions of shade. [12] As an uninhabited area becomes populated by different plant species, shade increases – which makes less light available for the next generation.
Ecopsychology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary field that focuses on the synthesis of ecology and psychology and the promotion of sustainability. [1] [2] [3] It is distinguished from conventional psychology as it focuses on studying the emotional bond between humans and the Earth.
Gap models have been used to study forest succession and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the long-term dynamics of forest ecosystems (stand level modelling). [3] [4] [5] Forest Gap models share the following principles: [3] Forests are represented as a collection of small patches. The forest successional stage and age vary across patches.