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An increase in neurotransmitters causes spasms to occur in the neck, resulting in spasmodic torticollis. [6] Studies of local field potentials have also shown an increase of 4–10 Hz oscillatory activity in the globus pallidus internus during myoclonic episodes and an increase of 5–7 Hz activity in dystonic muscles when compared to other ...
The signs and symptoms of DIAM are similar to infectious meningitis including but not limited to headache, fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status and other neurological deficits such as numbness, paresthesias, seizure or weakness. Notably, the patient will have had recent exposure to one of the causative medications. [2] [3]
Extrapyramidal symptoms including dyskinesias (acute & delayed) Dystonic reactions; Cogwheel rigidity; Emotional lability; Psychosis; Suicidal ideation; Ataxias; Transient difficulty with recall; Serotonin syndrome; Parkinsonism; Restless leg syndrome; Restlessness; Eye pain; Altered sense of smell; Photophobia; Pressure on eyes; Inner ear ...
The best-studied medical treatment for intracranial hypertension is acetazolamide (Diamox), which acts by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, and it reduces CSF production by six to 57 percent. It can cause the symptoms of hypokalemia (low blood potassium levels), which include muscle weakness and tingling in the fingers. Acetazolamide ...
As a result of cholinergic crisis, the muscles stop responding to the high synaptic levels of acetylcholine, leading to flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure, and other signs and symptoms reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning. Other symptoms include increased sweating, salivation, bronchial secretions along with miosis (constricted pupils).
Symptoms associated with central nervous systems disorders are classified into positive and negative categories. Positive symptoms include those that increase muscle activity through hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex (i.e., rigidity and spasticity) where negative symptoms include those of insufficient muscle activity (i.e. weakness) and reduced motor function. [5]
The causes of hyperreflexia are not known. [citation needed] Hyperreflexia also has many other causes, including the side effects of drugs (e.g., stimulants), hyperthyroidism, electrolyte imbalance, serotonin syndrome, severe brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, Reye syndrome, and pre-eclampsia. [citation needed]
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate , involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.