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Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
Most parents report that the onset of autism features appear within the first or second year of life. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] This course of development is fairly gradual, in that parents typically report concerns in development over the first two years of life and diagnosis can be made around 3–4 years of age. [ 9 ]
The autism spectrum may comprise a small set of disorders that converge on a few common molecular pathways, or it may be a large set of disorders with diverse mechanisms. [16] Autism appears to result from developmental factors that affect many or all functional brain systems. [17]
A new study says that air pollution — specifically, the kind caused by car exhaust — may be a significant cause of rising rates of autism in children.. Exposure to nitric oxide (NO)— which ...
Environmental exposure to inorganic mercury may be associated with higher autism risk, with high levels of mercury in the body being a valid disease-causing agent for autism. [ 123 ] [ 125 ] Significant evidence has not been found of an association between autism and the concentration of copper, cadmium, selenium, and chromium in the hair ...
Autism is associated with several genetic disorders, [4] perhaps due to an overlap in genetic causes. [5] About 10–15% of autism cases have an identifiable Mendelian (single-gene) condition, chromosome abnormality , or other genetic syndrome, [ 6 ] a category referred to as syndromic autism .
At the time there was insufficient evidence to support a generalization to explain facial processing difficulties and affective sensitivity, common characteristics of autism, with this hypothesis. In 2001, it was suggested that the mind-blindness hypothesis may explain more severe symptoms of autism, including social withdrawal and social skill ...
CDD is a rare condition, with only 1.7 cases per 100,000. [13] [14] [15]A child affected with childhood disintegrative disorder shows normal development. Up until this point, the child has developed normally in the areas of language skills, social skills, comprehension skills, and has maintained those skills for about two years.