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Some historians use the terms Danube Bulgaria, [13] First Bulgarian State, [14] [15] or First Bulgarian Tsardom (Empire). Between 681 and 864 the country is also called by modern historians as the Bulgarian Khanate , [ 16 ] or the Bulgar Khaganate , [ 17 ] from the Turkic title of khan / khagan borne by its rulers.
The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. [ 1 ]
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The Second Bulgarian Empire was a centre of a thriving culture that reached its peak in the mid-to-late 14th century during the reign of Ivan Alexander (r. 1331–71). [ 193 ] [ 194 ] Bulgarian architecture, arts, and literature spread beyond the borders of Bulgaria into Serbia , Wallachia, Moldavia , and the Russian principalities and affected ...
Old Great Bulgaria (Medieval Greek: Παλαιά Μεγάλη Βουλγαρία, Palaiá Megálē Voulgaría), also often known by the Latin names Magna Bulgaria [5] and Patria Onoguria ("Onogur land"), [6] was a 7th-century Turkic nomadic empire formed by the Onogur-Bulgars on the western Pontic–Caspian steppe (modern southern Ukraine and southwest Russia). [7]
The Bitola inscription is a stone inscription from the First Bulgarian Empire written in the Old Church Slavonic language in the Cyrillic alphabet. [1] Currently, it is located at the Institute and Museum of Bitola, North Macedonia, among the permanent exhibitions as a significant epigraphic monument, described as "a marble slab with Cyrillic letters of Jovan Vladislav from 1015/17". [2]
Pliska was the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire between 681 and 893 AD. According to a Bulgarian chronicle, it was founded by Khan Asparuh . At its greatest extent, it had an area of 21.8 km 2 (8.4 sq mi) and was surrounded by earthen ramparts. [ 5 ]
The Tsardom of Bulgaria is a continuation of the Bulgarian state founded in 681, actually the First Bulgarian Empire and the Tsardom of Bulgaria are one state.. It occurred in three distinct periods: between the 10th and 11th centuries, again between the 12th and 15th centuries, and again in the 20th century.