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The input voltage depends on the design and purpose of the inverter. Examples include: 12 V DC, for smaller consumer and commercial inverters that typically run from a rechargeable 12 V lead acid battery or automotive electrical outlet. [3] 24, 36, and 48 V DC, which are common standards for home energy systems.
Trickle charging is the process of charging a fully charged battery at a rate equal to its self-discharge rate, enabling the battery to remain at its fully charged level. This state occurs almost exclusively when the battery is not loaded, as trickle charging will not keep a battery charged if current is being drawn by a load.
The polarity for 12 V DC sockets is center pin positive (+), outer collar negative (−). Reversed polarity will damage some electronic devices. Although the nominal voltage of a 12 V lead acid battery is 12 V DC, when the engine is running the car's battery charging system will bring the system voltage to 13.8 V DC or higher. [10]
A smart battery requires a smart charger. Some smart chargers can also charge "dumb" batteries, which lack any internal electronics. The output current of a smart charger depends upon the battery's state. An intelligent charger may monitor the battery's voltage, temperature or charge time to determine the optimum charge current or terminate ...
The main 50/60 Hz transformer used to convert between line voltage and battery voltage needs to provide two slightly different turns ratios: One to convert the battery output voltage (typically a multiple of 12 V) to line voltage, and a second one to convert the line voltage to a slightly higher battery charging voltage (such as a multiple of ...
The problem with feeding anything but a pure sine wave to a UPS is it can, and does, cause the UPS to see the incoming power as being "bad" and it will switch back and forth between battery and AC power and not survive this very long. That's why cheap inverters and generators with THD higher than 5% must NOT be used with a UPS.
A battery eliminator is an adapter intended to allow a device intended for battery operation, such as a radio, to be operated from an AC outlet. [15] All radios, except crystal sets, used inconvenient and messy vacuum tube batteries until the mid- to late-1920s. Battery eliminators that plugged into light sockets became very popular. [16]
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) takes its power from two or more sources simultaneously. It is usually powered directly from the AC mains, while simultaneously charging a storage battery. Should there be a dropout or failure of the mains, the battery instantly takes over so that the load never experiences an interruption.