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Amlodipine works partly by vasodilation (relaxing the arteries and increasing their diameter). [10] It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. [10] Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990. [12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [13]
Although it must be used with caution in patients with impaired liver or kidney function, Metformin, a biguanide, has become the most commonly used agent for type 2 diabetes in children and teenagers. Among common diabetic drugs, Metformin is the only widely used oral drug that does not cause weight gain. [9]
Elderly hypertensives with diabetes mellitus exhibits higher response to levamlodipine therapy than non-diabetic patients. Levamlodipine is an effective switch-over option for the elderly patients who experience oedema and other adverse events with racemic amlodipine. [12]
Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension. CCBs are particularly effective against large vessel stiffness, one of the common causes of elevated systolic blood pressure in elderly patients. [4]
This is because they have been associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes and as such are recommended for use in patients over 65, for whom the risk of new-onset diabetes is outweighed by the benefits of controlling systolic blood pressure. [8] Another theory is that they are off-patent and thus rarely promoted by the drug industry. [9]
Both cause excessive urination (hence the similarity in name), but whereas diabetes insipidus is a problem with the production of antidiuretic hormone (neurogenic diabetes insipidus) or the kidneys' response to antidiuretic hormone (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), diabetes mellitus causes polyuria via osmotic diuresis, due to the high blood ...
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Some studies have shown delayed progression to diabetes in predisposed patients through prophylactic use of metformin, [17] [5] rosiglitazone, [18] or valsartan. [19] Lifestyle interventions are, however, more effective than metformin alone at preventing diabetes regardless of weight loss, [20] though evidence suggests that lifestyle interventions and metformin together can be effective ...