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Nitroprusside is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 NO], usually encountered as the dihydrate, Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 NO]·2H 2 O. [47] This red-colored sodium salt dissolves in water or ethanol to give solutions containing the free complex dianion [Fe(CN) 5 NO] 2−. Nitroprusside is a complex anion that features an ...
[7] [8] [9] The drug nitroglycerin is a dilute form of the same chemical used as the explosive, nitroglycerin. [9] Dilution makes it non-explosive. [9] In 2022, it was the 196th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. [10] [11]
For quick action in the treatment of angina, glyceryl trinitrate is used in form of a sublingual spray (nitro spray) or as soft capsules to be crunched. [ 4 ] Nitroprusside is used intravenously for the treatment of hypertensive crises , heart failure , and lowering of blood pressure during surgery.
Nitroglycerin (NG) (alternative spelling nitroglycerine), also known as trinitroglycerol (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless or pale yellow, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.
The purpose of this mechanism to create NO is thought to be both sterilization of swallowed food (to prevent food poisoning) and to maintain gastric mucosal blood flow. [ 12 ] The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway elevates nitric oxide through the sequential reduction of dietary nitrate derived from plant-based foods. [ 13 ]
First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.
Coronary steal is also the mechanism in most drug-based cardiac stress tests; When a patient is incapable of doing physical activity they are given a vasodilator that produces a "cardiac steal syndrome" as a diagnostic procedure. The test result is positive if the patient's symptoms reappear or if ECG alterations are seen.
The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar and an R group. [4] The steroid nucleus consists of four fused rings to which other functional groups such as methyl, hydroxyl, and aldehyde groups can be attached to influence the overall molecule's biological activity. [4]
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related to: nitroglycerin vs nitroprusside usmle mechanism of action data 1 2 2022- 109 S High St #100, Columbus, OH · Directions · (614) 224-4261
