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A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (H 2 CO 3), [2] characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO 2− 3. The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester , an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−) 2 .
Sodium percarbonate or sodium carbonate peroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula 2 Na 2 CO 3 · 3 H 2 O 2. It is an adduct of sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda") and hydrogen peroxide (that is, a perhydrate). It is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic, and water-soluble solid. [3] It is sometimes abbreviated as SPC. It ...
A simple example of a polyatomic ion is the hydroxide ion, which consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, jointly carrying a net charge of −1; its chemical formula is O H −. In contrast, an ammonium ion consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms, with a charge of +1; its chemical formula is N H + 4.
Hard water usually contains calcium or magnesium ions. Sodium carbonate is used for removing these ions and replacing them with sodium ions. [16] Sodium carbonate is a water-soluble source of carbonate. The calcium and magnesium ions form insoluble solid precipitates upon treatment with carbonate ions:
Tie up loose ends. Two Lewis structures must be drawn: Each structure has one of the two oxygen atoms double-bonded to the nitrogen atom. The second oxygen atom in each structure will be single-bonded to the nitrogen atom. Place brackets around each structure, and add the charge (−) to the upper right outside the brackets.
The bicarbonate ion (hydrogencarbonate ion) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO − 3 and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons; it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens.
2 O, the 2s orbital of oxygen is mixed with the premixed hydrogen orbitals, forming a new bonding (2a 1) and antibonding orbital (4a 1). Similarly, the 2p orbital (b 1) and the other premixed hydrogen 1s orbitals (b 1) are mixed to make bonding orbital 1b 1 and antibonding orbital 2b 1. The two remaining 2p orbitals are unmixed.
The prefix bi-is a deprecated way of indicating the presence of a single hydrogen ion, as in "sodium bicarbonate" (NaHCO 3). The modern method specifically names the hydrogen atom. Thus, NaHCO 3 would be pronounced sodium hydrogen carbonate. Positively charged ions are called cations and negatively charged ions are called anions.