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Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency resulting from inadequate blood flow to the body's organs due to the dysfunction of the heart. Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (<30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and decreased level of consciousness.
Shock from blood loss occurs in about 1–2% of trauma cases. [34] Overall, up to one-third of people admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are in circulatory shock. [42] Of these, cardiogenic shock accounts for approximately 20%, hypovolemic about 20%, and septic shock about 60% of cases. [43]
Cardiogenic shock leads to many harmful physiological effects. Specifically, in patients experiencing inadequate blood perfusion (with blood pressure below 80 mmHg), the American Heart Association / American College of Cardiology (ACC/AHA), recommends the use of Dobutamine and Milrinone. [75]
Killip class IV describes individuals in cardiogenic shock or hypotension (measured as systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg), and evidence of peripheral vasoconstriction (oliguria, cyanosis or sweating).
The physiology of obstructive shock is similar to cardiogenic shock. In both types, the heart's output of blood (cardiac output) is decreased. This causes a back-up of blood into the veins entering the right atrium. [3] Jugular venous distension can be observed in the neck. This finding can be seen in obstructive and cardiogenic shock.
Cardiogenic shock as a result of the heart being unable to adequately pump blood may develop, dependent on infarct size, and is most likely to occur within the days following an acute myocardial infarction. Cardiogenic shock is the largest cause of in-hospital mortality.
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Onset may be rapid (acute) or more gradual (subacute). [10] [2] Signs of cardiac tamponade typically include those of cardiogenic shock including shortness of breath, weakness, lightheadedness, cough [1] and those of Beck's triad e.g. jugular vein distention, quiet heart sounds and hypotension.
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