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  2. Shelford's law of tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelford's_Law_of_Tolerance

    Shelford's law of tolerance is a principle developed by American zoologist Victor Ernest Shelford in 1911. It states that an organism 's success is based on a complex set of conditions and that each organism has a certain minimum, maximum, and optimum environmental factor or combination of factors that determine success. [ 1 ]

  3. Connell–Slatyer model of ecological succession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connell–Slatyer_model_of...

    Tolerance Model. In this case, new pioneer species neither inhibit nor facilitate the growth and success of other species. The sequences of succession are thus entirely dependent on life-history characteristics such as the specific amount of energy a species allocates to growth. [3]

  4. Primary succession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_succession

    Primary succession is the beginning step of ecological succession where species known as pioneer species colonize an uninhabited site, which usually occurs in an environment devoid of vegetation and other organisms. In contrast, secondary succession occurs on substrates that previously supported vegetation before an ecological disturbance. This ...

  5. Aquatic ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem

    An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems.Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment.

  6. Intermediate disturbance hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_disturbance...

    An ideal examples of r-selected groups are algae. Based on the contradictory characteristics of both of these examples, areas of occasional disturbance allow both r and K species to benefit by residing in the same area. The ecological effect on species relationships is therefore supported by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.

  7. Ecophysiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecophysiology

    Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.

  8. Ecological threshold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_threshold

    Ecological threshold is the point at which a relatively small change or disturbance in external conditions causes a rapid change in an ecosystem. When an ecological threshold has been passed, the ecosystem may no longer be able to return to its state by means of its inherent resilience .

  9. File:Diagram of Trophic Layers & Energy Transfer in an ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_Trophic...

    English: This is a pyramid-shaped diagram, showing how energy is transferred between trophic layers in an ecosystem, as well as what happens to other energy that is not transferred to the next layer. It was created by me utilizing the digital drawing tool Clip Studio Paint.