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The centrum (plural: centra), also vertebral body or corpus, is a spool- or cylinder-shaped element that, together with the neural arch, forms a vertebra. [1] In juveniles, both centra and neural arches are separate elements, and fusion of these elements is an important criterion to determine adulthood.
A typical vertebra has a body (vertebral body), also known as the centrum, which consists of a large anterior middle portion, and a posterior vertebral arch, [2] also called a neural arch. [3] The body is composed of cancellous bone , which is the spongy type of osseous tissue , whose microanatomy has been specifically studied within the ...
Spondylolysis, also known as a pars defect, is a defect or fracture at the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. Spinal disc herniation, more commonly called a "slipped disc", is the result of a tear in the outer ring (anulus fibrosus) of the intervertebral disc, which lets some of the soft gel-like material, the nucleus pulposus, bulge ...
The second disc replacement to achieve wide clinical use was the prodisc total disc replacement; it continues to have worldwide use today. Designed by French orthopedic spine surgeon Thiery Marnay, M.D., in the late 1980s, early implantations of the prodisc device began in 1990, with a 7-11 year follow-up published in 2005.
Laminectomy is an open or minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a portion of the posterior arch of the vertebrae and/or spinal ligaments is removed from the spine to alleviate the pressure on the spinal canal contents. This procedure is usually performed when decompression of more than one nerve root is needed.
Forward displacement of a proximal vertebra in relation to its adjacent vertebra in association with an intact neural arch, and in the presence of degenerative changes, is known as degenerative spondylolisthesis, [9] [10] which narrows the spinal canal, and symptoms of spinal stenosis are common. Of these, neural claudication is most common.
Sectional organization of spinal cord. The spinal cord is the main pathway for information connecting the brain and peripheral nervous system. [3] [4] Much shorter than its protecting spinal column, the human spinal cord originates in the brainstem, passes through the foramen magnum, and continues through to the conus medullaris near the second lumbar vertebra before terminating in a fibrous ...
The lamina is a posterior arch of the vertebral bone lying between the spinous process (which juts out in the middle) and the more lateral pedicles and the transverse processes of each vertebra. The pair of laminae, along with the spinous process, make up the posterior wall of the bony spinal canal.
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