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The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio between the metabolic production of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the uptake of oxygen (O 2). [3] [4] The ratio is determined by comparing exhaled gases to room air. Measuring this ratio is equal to RQ only at rest or during mild to moderate aerobic exercise without the accumulation of lactate.
Volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidney per unit time. PAH clearance is a renal analysis method used to provide an estimate. Approximately 625 ml/min. renal blood flow = (HCT is hematocrit) Volume of blood delivered to the kidney per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20% of cardiac output, amounting to 1 L/min in ...
Ventilation refers to the mechanical process of which the lungs expand and exchange volumes of gasses, however respiration further describes the exchange of gasses (mainly CO 2 and O 2) at the level of the alveoli. The process of respiration can be divided into two main functions: elimination of CO 2 waste and replenishing tissues with fresh O 2.
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a process in which carbon dioxide (CO 2) is removed from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities and durably stored in geological, terrestrial, or ocean reservoirs, or in products. [98]: 2221 This process is also known as carbon removal, greenhouse gas removal or negative emissions.
Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data: Temp. °C P vap Vapor pressure kPa H liq Heat content liquid J/g H vap Heat content vapor J/g
Firstly, as the air enters the lungs, it is humidified by the upper airway and thus the partial pressure of water vapour (47 mmHg) reduces the oxygen partial pressure to about 150 mmHg. The rest of the difference is due to the continual uptake of oxygen by the pulmonary capillaries , and the continual diffusion of CO 2 out of the capillaries ...
The process of breathing does not fill the alveoli with atmospheric air during each inhalation (about 350 ml per breath), but the inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation, and ...
Carbon dioxide is a gaseous product of the body's metabolism and is normally expelled through the lungs. Carbon dioxide may accumulate in any condition that causes hypoventilation, a reduction of alveolar ventilation (the clearance of air from the small sacs of the lung where gas exchange takes place) as well as resulting from inhalation of CO 2.